Budget Concepts

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Appropriations vs. Authorizations
Budget Authority vs. Outlays
Budget Baselines and Scorekeeping
Deficits vs. Debt
Discretionary Spending vs. Direct (Mandatory) Spending
Entitlements and Appropriated Entitlements
Functions
Gross Domestic Product
Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Requirement
Revenues, Receipts, and Fees
Unified Budget vs. Separate Operating and Capita…